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Anthrax Anthrax is an infection, usually acquired via the skin or - rarely - through the gut or by inhaled particles, of the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. [More Info][Image]
Chickenpox (varicella) The chickenpox virus (the varicella-zoster virus) is highly infectious and thought to be spread by nasal droplets from person to person. [More Info][Image]
Chlamydia infection Chlamydia is the name given to a distinct genus of bacteria, which causes a wide spectrum of human illness. Three species (C.pneumoniae, C.trachomatis and C.psittaci) are acquired by different means and cause extensive health problems. [More Info][Image]
Cholera The cholera bacteria (Vibrio cholerae) is usually acquired from food or water contaminated by human faeces. The incubation period is a few days, after which profuse watery diarrhoea occurs. [More Info][Image]
Dengue fever Dengue fever, also known as ‘break bone fever’, results from infection by one of four strains of virus from within the flavivirus genus. [More Info][Image]
Diphtheria Diphtheria is caused by the exotoxin produced by the Gram-positive bacillus diphtheria bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Spread is by nasal droplet from person to person. The bacteria release a toxin, which can produce nerve paralysis and heart failure. [More Info][Image]
Hepatitis A The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a highly infectious disease affecting the liver. Spread is by the oral-faecal route from person to person or from contaminated food or water. [More Info][Image]
Hepatitis B The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus belonging to the hepadnaviridae family. It is spread via the blood or sweat of an infected person, usually through sexual contact or from the unsafe use of injected drugs. Spread may also occur from mother to child at birth, but also in a variety of other ways. The HB virus affects the liver and can cause fever, nausea, tiredness, dark urine and yellow skin (jaundice). [More Info][Image]
Hepatitis C The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known carcinogen.
The hepatitis C virus occurs world-wide. It has many subtypes and is usually spread from person to person by the passage of blood through blood transfusion, the sharing of injecting equipment among drug users, tattooing, body piercing, needle-stick injuries, unsafe handling of blood products or from mother to baby. [More Info][Image]
Hib (Hæmophilus influenzæ type B) Spread of the Haemophilus influenzae bacterium is by nasal droplets. After incubating for 2 days, the infection causes an acute illness with fever, vomiting and lethargy, which are symptoms of meningitis. [More Info][Image]
HIV/AIDS The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an RNA virus within the retrovirus family, which is spread from person to person by the transmission of bodily fluids. [More Info][Image]
Human Papilloma virus (HPV)/Cervical cancer Genital warts (condylomata acuminatum) are caused by certain strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV) and resemble ordinary warts seen in other areas of the body. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection throughout the world. [More Info][Image]
Influenza The influenza viruses (orthomyxoviruses) occur in three groups (A, B and C) and are passed by direct contact through aerosol spread. Types A and B are important in humans, while C may cause illness. [More Info]
Japanese encephalitis This serious infection of the brain is caused by the JE virus, a flavivirus, infection transmitted to humans during the life cycle of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex vishnui mosquitoes. [More Info][Image]
Legionellosis Legionnaires’ disease is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella, of which there are about 40 species, the commonest being Legionella pneumophila. [More Info][Image]
Malaria Malaria is a disease resulting from infection by parasites of the Plasmodium species, a sporozoan usually transmitted to humans by the infected female Anopheles mosquito. [More Info][Image]
Measles The highly contagious Measles virus, a paramyxovirus, is spread by coughing and nasal droplets. [More Info][Image]
Meningococcal infection This is caused by droplet spread of the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, of which at least 13 subgroups are known to exist. [More Info][Image]
Mumps Mumps is a contagious, notifiable disease caused by the Mumps virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is spread from person to person by saliva and primarily affects children. [More Info][Image]
Plague Plague is an infection caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. A major cause of death during the middle ages, plague is still reported from Asia, Africa, South America and in parts of the US. [More Info][Image]
Pneumococcal infection Pneumococcal infections result from the spread of the pneumococcus bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae, by droplet spread. At least 90 antigenic types have been recognised. [More Info][Image]
Polio The highly contagious poliovirus is spread by contamination from the faeces or saliva of infected people. [More Info][Image]
Q-Fever Q Fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a species of alpha-Proteobacteria related to Legionella pneumophila, and is usually acquired by the inhalation of particles from infected animals. [More Info][Image]
Rabies Rabies is an acute viral encephalomyelitis of the central nervous system resulting from infection by the Rabies virus. [More Info][Image]
Rotaviral gastroenteritis Rotaviral gastroenteritis is caused by the Rotavirus, one of nine genera in the family Reoviridae. Rotaviruses are RNA viruses which have been classified into five groups (A-E), each infecting the villi of the small intestine. [More Info][Image]
Rubella (german measles) Nasal droplets spread the highly contagious rubella virus. After incubating for 2-3 weeks, the infection causes fever, headache, itchy eyes, swollen glands behind the ears and neck, and a rash - ‘german measles’. [More Info][Image]
SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) SARS is a serious illness caused by a virus spread mainly by droplets, especially those generated during medical procedures. The virus responsible for SARS has been designated the SARS-CoV virus and is related to coronaviruses, those responsible for the common cold. [More Info][Image]
Schistosomiasis The disease called schistosomiasis (or 'bilharzia') is caused by infection with parasites of the Schistoma family (S.mansoni, S.haematobium, S.S.japonicum, S.mekongi and S.intercalatum - the first two being the most common).
Smallpox (Variola) Smallpox is a highly infectious disease caused by the Variola virus, spread by respiratory tract droplets or by direct contact with skin lesions. [More Info][Image]
Tetanus Tetanus (lockjaw) is a disease caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium tetani, present in soil and animal faeces and follows from the contamination of cuts and wounds by these materials. [More Info][Image]
Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis is an infection, mostly of the respiratory tract, by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Worldwide it is the leading cause of death with 8 million new cases and nearly 3 million deaths/year. [More Info][Image]
Typhoid Typhoid is an infection of the gut caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria usually acquired from the consumption of contaminated food or water. [More Info][Image]
Yellow fever Yellow fever is an acute infection by a flavivirus, the yellow fever virus, transmitted from person to person by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and is endemic in parts of Africa and South America. [More Info][Image]